The cause of testicular cancer is largely unknown. As yet, there is no identifiable link between testicular cancer and genetics, habits, lifestyles, or activities. There is some evidence that the risk of testicular cancer is higher in men whose testicles failed to descend normally through the inguinal canal to the scrotum before birth or by the age […]
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One of the most effective ways of finding a tumor is by testicular self-examination on a monthly basis. Most lumps in the testicle are cancerous, but noncancerous masses and cysts can arise from other causes, such as infection. If a suspicious lump is found, the initial steps toward diagnosis include: Physical examination Specialized tests Physical
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One of the first things the doctor does when testicular cancer is diagnosed is to determine the stage of the disease. This investigation is called “staging” and was developed to describe the extent of the cancer growth. It allows the physician to customize the treatment. Testicular cancer is “staged’ by information obtained from the surgical
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Testicular cancer (also called cancer of the testicle, or cancer of the testis) is a malignant, or cancerous, growth of the testicle, one of the male sex organs. Cancer of the testicle is rare, occurring most commonly in young to middle-aged men. It is very rare before puberty or in old age. There are two basic
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There are a variety of effective treatment options for stomach cancer. In general, treatment depends on: The size, location, and extent of the tumor. The stage of the disease when the cancer is found. The person’s general health and other factors. Because of these variables, treatment is individually designed for each person. Treatment decisions are
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Surgery is the most common treatment for stomach cancer. The usual operation is called a gastrectomy. There are two types: Total gastrectomy is removal of the entire stomach. After a total gastrectomy, the esophagus is connected directly to the small intestine. Partial or subtotal gastrectomy is removal of just part of the stomach. After a partial gastrectomy, the remaining
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Chemotherapy is the use of specialized drugs to kill cancer cells. The drugs may be in pill or capsule form, or they may be injected into a vein or muscle. Chemotherapy is called a systemic treatment because when the drug enters the bloodstream, it travels throughout the body and can kill cancer cells outside the
Radiation therapy uses high-energy x-rays to kill cancer cells and shrink tumors. There are two types of radiation therapy: External radiation therapy uses a machine to radiate the cancer from outside the body. This procedure is similar to the ordinary x-ray, but with higher energy. Internal radiation therapy (brachytherapy) uses materials called radioisotopes that are introduced into
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Biological therapy (also called biological response modifier, or BRM; and immunotherapy) uses the body’s own immune system to destroy cancer cells. Biological therapy is still experimental, but shows great promise. There are several different types of biological therapy for cancer: Immunostimulant therapy Immunoglobulin therapy Monoclonal antibodies Immunostimulant therapy uses two different procedures: One uses substances called immunostimulants, which
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Treatment of stomach cancer depends on: The patient’s state of health The part of the stomach where the cancer is found The stage of the disease There are several reasons for treatment by staging. These include: The possibility that standard therapy might not affect a cure because of the stage of the cancer when it
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Clinical trials are used to find better and more effective ways of treating cancer patients by using the most up-to-date research in controlled tests. Clinical trials are designed to: Determine if a new approach is both safe and effective. To learn more about the disease. To compare different treatment therapies. To find new methods to
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Here are some frequently asked questions related to stomach cancer. Q: How can I eat when all or part of my stomach has been removed? A: As with any new situation, some adjustment will be necessary. If only part of the stomach is removed, fairly normal eating patterns can be resumed soon after recovery. If the
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